Immutable Characteristics (Acosta Framework)

19 I&N Dec. 211 (BIA 1985) · 1985

Established the immutable characteristics test for particular social group: a group whose members share a common, immutable characteristic they either cannot change or should not be required to change because it is fundamental to their individual identities or consciences.

The foundational PSG decision. Sets out the ejusdem generis analysis comparing PSG to the other four protected grounds.